Wednesday, August 6, 2025

Cane-iac Has a New Owner

Last week I received an email from Cane-iac, my go-to online shop for implements. The business has been up for sale for quite some time, but new owners Archer and Alex have taken over and they seem like a good fit. Here's the latest news.

Archer and Alex are extremely familiar with the domestic discipline / spanking community have been active in it for over 25 years.  They are gifted crafts people with a passion for wood and leather.  Archer and Alex bring a commitment to maintaining CANE-IAC’s quality and pricing philosophy while delivering great customer service.  They've loved one of our core concepts from the beginning, making spanking and kink toys accessible to the entire community for a reasonable price.  They are very quick learners and are learning how to make all of our most popular “implements” - including the Best of the Best – Rattan Canes.

CANE-IAC is moving to the beautiful state of Arizona.  The grand reopening will be September 2nd with Archer and Alex taking over on August 16th.  They are committed to keeping the store open during the transition and only expect a brief delay in shipping.  All items will be shipped from CANE-IAC's new Arizona home starting August 16th.

Right now, we are all working on making things like Rattan Canes, Spencer and assorted Wooden Paddles, Acrylic and Lexan Canes and Paddles, Rubber Items and Leather Goods.  We are committed to get CANE-IAC restocked for all your fall spanking needs.

Sadly, I cannot access the site. It's still restricted to customers from the US. Maybe once they are settled in their new location I'll be able to shop there again. Oh wait. Tariffs. So maybe not.

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Monday, August 4, 2025

Recap: Spanko Brunch 2.0 for August 3

This week you were asked to define a spanking.

Jack: If the spankings are foreplay I suppose you can break it down to defining. In my case foreplay is far from it, my wife/mommy considers spanking only when I've been a naughty little boy.

Bonnie: Yes, your first question aligns with my definition. If it occurs multiple times in succession, I consider those to be a series of spankings (ouch!).

Wendel: For us a series of spankings would not be switching from the hand to the paddle and then the belt. That is just the same spanking with different implements. A series of spanking would be when I spank the Misses in the morning before work and then give her another spanking in the evening after dinner. It would be when the Misses whips my butt ever night for a week. 

Roz: I agree with the definition above, a spanking is a series of swats. A series of spankings to me is where a session ends, there is a break then another spanking.     

KDPierre: Interesting question of semantics. The purist in me would agree with what seems like the consensus that one session of whacks, however given is "a spanking". However, the notion of a break muddies that definition. Let's say my wife says, "I think you need to be punished for XYZ. You are going to get a good long spanking of 600 smacks." She then gives me 300, decides her arm needs a break, and we stop for a few minutes, walk around maybe even have some water, and then go back and finish the second half. Is that one spanking with a break in between or two?

Let's take that further with something that has happened here often enough. I am sentenced to a punishment spanking of 1000 or more smacks. Even the person issuing this knows they can't be done in one go. Then, instead of a 10 minute break, a part of the overall thousand is done the next day, or even two days later, and then the next installment a day after that. Is that one spanking in several installments, or one punishment of multiple spankings?

Here's one more. I am sentenced to a punishment spanking for something that my wife is very angry about. She gives me the spanking that she declared but upon completing it feels more punishment is needed and gives me another sometime later. I would say THAT is one 'punishment' consisting of two separate spankings, but is it? ;-)

Ain't werdz phunn? ;-)

Prefectdt: My congratulations to Rosco for coming up with such an interesting question. Before I read this question, I used to consider the whole time that I was playing with someone else as a spanking. Since reading this question, I have been thinking. As play with a fellow amateur spanking enthusiast can take place over several hours, it would be impossible to continuously spank for such a period of time. So now am thinking that scenario would be better described as a series of spankings within a period of spanking play. The best questions are ones that make you think and challenge your own, perceived conceptions.

FL: This is more a linguistics question than a spanking one.
I would define a spanking as a series of spanks given in a single position, with no significant break in the delivery. The spanker may pause very briefly to change instruments but the spankee remains in the same pose throughout. Changing position - regardless of how quickly the spanks resume - signals the start of a new spanking and what had been A spanking is now a SERIES of spankings. Lucky duck.

Rosco: Thanks to Hermione for posting this question.

I get a spanking, often at bedtime, a few days a week. Irene will usually switch between her favored implements, but if it only takes a few seconds I don’t think of it as a separate spanking.

Our “dates” usually involve 2 or more spankings, between 10 minutes and up to a hour apart, along with bondage and other discipline, followed by more traditional sexual activities. Last time I think it was 5 spankings for which I don’t have the right word.

Hermione: For us, a spanking is completed in a single session, with changes of implement but no real pauses. If another spanking happened after several minutes or hours, it would be a separate spanking or one of a series depending on the length of time between.



Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Sunday, August 3, 2025

Spanko Brunch 2.0 #602

My goodness! The week went fast for us, and I'm glad for the chance to relax with you. Our good friend Rosco submitted this question around defining a spanking:

Do you define a spanking as a series of whacks on the bottom with a hand, paddle or other implement? If so, is there a word for a series of spankings with breaks in between? Do you and your partner typically engage in a single spanking as defined above, or in a series of spankings?

Please leave your reply as a comment, and I will publish the results of our discussion when the weekend is over. 



Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Thursday, July 31, 2025

Gag Gifts

These items are not really commercially available, but they do exist, and were surreptitiously displayed on the shelves in various stores.

 


 


 


 


 


Excellent Secret Santa gifts ,are they not?

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Tuesday, July 29, 2025

Bzzzzz!

I have plenty of BUMblebees in our garden, and thank you, Boru, for reminding me to tell you about them. Hungry flying insects first appeared when the scarlet runner beans that I have on two trellises on either side of the dining room window started to bloom. When the oregano came into flower, more bees came to feast. But now that the globe thistles are showing tiny blue flowers all over their prickly surfaces, the bees are really having a ball.

Speaking of thistles, I've been watching the Scottish thistles in the garden next door.


They are growing in an area that was once a vegetable bed for the lady next door and her granddaughter. The little girl is now grown up and the tomatoes have been replaced by goldenrod, ragweed and tansy -- until this year, that is. Thistles have taken over completely, and some are about three meters (10 feet) tall! Their purple tops are now turning white and the fluffy seeds are drifting our way. Oh dear! The house was sold recently, but the new owners don't seem interested in the garden. I hope that once they complete their indoor renovations they will put a little effort into the wilderness that was once a neat and tidy back yard.

 

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Monday, July 28, 2025

Recap: Spanko Brunch 2.0 for July 27

What is your favourite (or least favourite) implement?

Jack: It depends on who is giving the spanking. My wife/mommy or as she recently told me she used a hairbrush until her mother gave her a bathbrush. Long handle she was told does wonders. It is the bathbrush I hate. My mother-law who has spanked me prefers the hairbrush; hers is large and heavy. 

Roz: This is a great question. There is just something about the belt that sends a thrill. I think because it's a personal item. It can be sensual or hurt like hell depending on how it is used. I also love our leather paddle.

Norse Cavalier: I've mentioned it before, but my favourite implement is a heavy clothes brush I own. It's the first implement I bought, and spankees tell me it's surprisingly painful. One woman said it was cute and wanted to feel it on her bare bottom, but quickly nicknamed it "Satan" once I started using it. I now only use it for punishments.

I've tried using floggers, but they never feel satisfactory.

Ronnie: Mine without a doubt is the rose leatherthorn paddle but I thought I share P's favourite implement.

It's just a small simple wooden paddle (gifted from Bogey and Bacall). l can tell you that size may well matter but it's definitely not everything; it's also the way it's made, what it's made of and how it's used that counts and on all three criteria my bottom can testify to its effectiveness. It's sharp, packs a punch way above its inches and leaves a lasting impression on my bottom...and my mind.

P's favourites because he says it's fast and well suited to OTK as it doesn't need much room to swing but still produces excellent results (from his perspective). He also knows I genuinely dread it so am unlikely to be able to convert the experience of receiving it into a sensual one, certainly not at the time of use anyway.
  

FL: The hairbrush, with the belt as a close second. Both are perfect for domestic discipline, my preferred scenario. And of course a hand spanking is extremely intimate, though not as painful.

Dan: For me, the answer is more complicated than the simple question suggests. Aesthetically, it's an iconic heavy ebony hairbrush I bought on eBay a few years ago. There also is a strap from London Tanners that is a classic. But, the former isn't that effective and, since we started using OTK as our go-to position, the strap hasn't been used much. I also have a sentimental attachment to a couple of leather paddles I received from the husband of the DWC's "Aunt Kay." I admit I get a kind of perverse little thrill from the instruments that have been used on other butts. (I don't know that the ebony hairbrush has, but have any of those ever been REALLY used to brush hair?)

My wife's favorite is, by far, her bath brush. I hate that thing, though because it is so effective.

A.J.: My hand. (Yes; I'm boring.)

If my hand starts to hurt and there is more "work" still to be done, MAYBE a small strap.

And I'm with Roz on the belt! Not its actual use, but the mind-messing it can do! Having her bent over something and her HEARING that belt being pulled through the belt loops of my jeans, building her excitement/anticipation/fear, "It's coming. I'm going to get the belt!" - (French kiss!!!)

How do I use it? Lightly. About the same as using my hand. But in her mind she is the bad girl, getting the spanking she deserves. (All in fun!)

Prefectdt: least favourite is a delrin cane, I hate that thing so much but just can't bring myself to throw it away. Most favourite type of toy is always a rattan cane. But the toy that means most to me, in my toy box, is a cheap braided flogger that was purchased as a prop for a vanilla costume party and then got properly played with on another occasion and turned out to be a worthwhile toy. It is not that it is the best toy that I own but it is one that brings back good memories, both kinky and vanilla.

Bonnie: My favorite spanking implement is a flexible leather teardrop-shaped paddle. It reliably delivers the necessary heat, sting, and redness without doing any serious damage.

Randy prefers a more substantial OTK-style wooden paddle because he says it is perfect for those corporal punishment spankings.

My least favorite is flimsy novelty paddles that split. I love the concept of owning, displaying, and using paddles with clever sayings, but it would be a whole lot more fun if I could actually get a real spanking.

I have no idea what Randy's least favorite implement might be. He's tried just about everything. I can tell you that a frying pan spanking hurts more than you might think.

Spanky53: My favorite implement is a belt that I have named Turk. It's a supple 2 1/2 inch wide light brown belt with a turquoise belt buckle that I bought in Spain. I've had it now for 25 years and it is the most sensual toy I have.

Loki_Darksong: For myself, my favorite implement is The Cane. Both giving and receiving.

To be more specific, the levels of the canes would be Junior, Senior, Reformatory and whatever level the American Horror Story Asylum Cane is. I still have yet to give the one I own a proper trying out!

I have always loved canes, thoroughly enjoying all the movies that they were used in. I believe the first time I saw one in film was the 70's version of Tom Sawyer.

Unlike many other implements, a cane doesn't numb one's butt during a caning. You are made very aware of what it is doing to you from the first stroke to the last.

Also the use of a cane requires skill and attention so the wielder does not cause any unwanted harm to the person being caned. A well caned backside does not, nor should not, come with a bloody mess. Just a nice level of soreness that lasts for a couple days!
 

Wendel: The favorite implement is the old belt. We just love the sound, the sting and the marks it makes. Also easy to transport. 

Hermione: My favourite is the dogging bat. It produces a nice sting and a very loud sound. My least favourite, and I suspect Ron's favourite, is a foot-long wooden shoehorn. It's light, but produces an unholy sting, especially at the tops of my thighs. Ron gets it out nearly every week, so it must be at the top of his list.

      

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Sunday, July 27, 2025

Spanko Brunch 2.0 #601

It's been a busy week, so now it's time for some relaxation and good conversation over brunch. This week's question came to mind as I was hanging up some of the implements that we hadn't used for a while, and had stored away in a drawer. It's an oldie but a goodie.

What is your all-time favourite implement? Please describe it and tell us why you love it so much. If you prefer, what is your least favourite?

Leave your reply as a comment, and I will publish the results of our discussion when the weekend is over.



Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Wednesday, July 23, 2025

I Protest!

Many protests are occurring in the United States these days, and while I can't join in personally, I'm joining them in spirit.
















Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Monday, July 21, 2025

Recap: Spanko Brunch 2.0 for July 20

What's the future for blogging and other spanko social media? 

Anon: No doubt, people are opening up more with social media, learning their desires, lifestyle is common. Social media has been a positive influence, nothing one should hide any more, it is just a part of who we are.

KDPierre: I believe the death knell for blogs has already been ringing for a while now. When the remaining holdouts give up or are censored out of existence, that will be it.

As for other forms of social media? I haven't a clue. However, I believe with the growing use of AI in the future, what does show up will become less and less personal or reliably authentic. I also believe short, banal, attention-grabbers will utterly replace anything of depth or substance.

The one exception may be the podcast-type feature. Those may be the only place in the future for lifestyle people to share anything of substance in depth...but even here I must emphasize 'may'. They just as easily could go trite and sensational, since many already do.

This may sound depressing, but it won't be, because anyone who would lament the passing of substantial lifestyle discussion (like me) will be gone by then and the new generations won't know anything different.
  

CEM: Most things are cyclical. People lose interest in certain things over time, jump to newer technology, that becomes passé, they go to other forms of media, literature and entertainment. Blogs were huge for years, then other social media came about, people jumped to that, now a lot are growing tired of it and seeking out other forums or venues, which may (or may not) mean blogs increase. I don't think anyone can predict what the future will hold, but it will endlessly evolve, rotate, fluctuate and change. And fetish interests change to some extent with time as well, and also cycle around too. Human beings are fickle and unpredictable. Anyway, congrats on the success. 

Roz: Wow, congratulations on your 600th brunch Hermione!

Gosh, I have no idea what the future holds in terms of social media. The number of active blogs in the spanking community has vastly reduced over the years, and censorship isn't helping, but perhaps the blogs may make a comeback? Censorship may be the biggest barrier to meaningful conversations over any platform.

Dan: Congrats on 600 spanko brunches!

I don't think social media forums related to spanking will go away, but as for blogs in particular, it's not pretty. When I started my blog twelve years ago, there were quite a few blogs focused on M/f disciplinary spankings. Now, it seems like I'm the last man standing.

On the other hand, Tumblr is chock-full of channels with that focus. But, that doesn't mean the same content is still out there. Tumblr is largely a visual medium. Very few Tumblr "blogs" have more than a snippet of text (at most) under whatever picture or drawing they're sharing. Maybe that reflects a younger audience that is very visually-oriented but won't read a book to save their lives.

And, KD is right that those blogs that don't run out of gas are still subject to arbitrary censorship from the platform providers like Blogger and WordPress. Often, blogs in his genre disappear not because their authors gave up but, rather, because censors at Blogger or WordPress took them down.

One other platform I've been exploring lately that is kind of blogging is Medium. I like it as a platform, and so far I haven't seen much in the way of censorship. But, because people can't comment without a Medium account, and since most of the users have a profile linked to their real identity, it is virtually impossible to have a conversation, because people won't leave comments revealing their identity. I've published articles that have gotten several thousand reads but few of them get any comments at all.

Prefectdt: I don't think that blogs are done, but the type of blog around is changing. The more heavily written blogs and story blogs are flourishing but they are often not as informative as blogs of old. From personal experience, it looks like explicitly illustrated blogs have the clock ticking. It is a shame that a lot of the newer blogs do not have blog rolls, as they are still the best way of spreading the love and creating a spanking, linkup, blog network. I do hope that another form of adult-only  platform might come along, but it might be inadvisable of us to hold our breaths. Perhaps we should all go back to the printed word :)

Bonnie: Congratulations on brunch #600. That's excellent! And happy moon landing day too.

I may have originally posed the question, but sitting here today, I don't know the answer. I think people will continue to find ways to discuss their shared interests despite growing censorship. It seems like traditional blogs will retain a role, though a diminished one.

Podcasts and vlogs are hot, but many in our community cannot be that out. I never liked Twitter/X because it feels more like a series of strafing runs than an authentic dialogue.

Reddit is an interesting platform, but some of the users (and bots) who inhabit it are idiots. Maybe someone could start an invitation-only spanko discussion subreddit. That could provide an open forum like we once had in Geocities, Delphi Forums, and Yahoo Groups.

I guess that's my long winded way to reiterate that I don't know.

Hermione: When I first started blogging and even before, there was a multitude of blogs focused on D/d relationships. Bloggers used to  have virtual surprise parties for one another, and there was a real sense of community. As George Harrison once said, all things must pass, and the golden age of blogging is now over.

Reddit is a good idea for having spanko conversations, and Substack is an idea for podcasts, although that would necessitate being "out".

I guess we just need to enjoy the remaining blogs while they last. 

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Sunday, July 20, 2025

Spanko Brunch 2.0 #600

Welcome one and all to our six hundredth brunch. We've talked a lot about spanking over the past eleven years that I have hosted brunch here. Now let's think about the future. This question was suggested by our dear friend and former blogger Bonnie.

What do you think is the future of social media for the spanko community? Will blogs continue to be a community and a source of spanko information? 

Please give this one some consideration and leave your thoughts as a comment. Once everyone has had a chance to speak, I will publish a summary of our discussion. 

 



Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Friday, July 18, 2025

Decorating Idea

Would you add this to enhance your home decor?

 A big thank you to S for finding the perfect touch for an otherwise plain sofa.



Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Wednesday, July 16, 2025

Wait Until I Get You Home

Our good friend Rosco sent me some pictures of a local women-run sex shop. He says, "We’ve been going there for years, less so recently because we have everything." I know the feeling!

 

Aren't they lovely? But wait. Let's have a closer look at the sign.

 

The sign says: "NO SPANKING(while in the store) For everyone's safety please save it for the bedroom... or kitchen... hallway... you get it"

Rosco doesn't remember seeing such a sign in the past so perhaps there was some recent activity that prompted its posting. Some people just can't wait!

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Tuesday, July 15, 2025

Recap: Spanko Brunch 2.0 for July 13

What are your thoughts on submission?

Jack: I don't know if submission is the right word. My wife/mommy knows what is best, I accept, the marriage has been great, the sex life can't complain, but the spankings and sex do not go together. I know I can't help myself at times, and I know that a spanking is coming, and I can complain, beg, plead, to no avail. I accept the spankings but not how much my bare bottom is stinging and sore afterwards. So for me, having a wife/mommy is very good even tho the spankings hurt and the bathbrush insures that.

Rosco: Submission is important to me and Irene. A spanking without a lecture is a bit empty. The physical sensation is delicious, but for me the turn on is dependent also on the reprimand for my disputatious, obstreperous, recalcitrant ways. Irene has quite the vocabulary.

Roz: Our dynamic has gone through many changes over the years. Submission and permission used to play an important part at various times, depending on the nature of the dynamic at the time. Spanking nowadays is purely for fun.

Prefectdt: I think that submission is very important in play, for me, but mostly revolves around physical submission. Play always seems enhanced when I am made an automaton of the other person in the play session. This is most illustrated when the other participant is an inexperienced player and, from necessity, I am topping from the bottom. If, for example, I think that the spanker might get a better target if I am in another position, I will ask to be told to move to another position, rather than moving by my own command. Giving physical control of my body to someone else gives a high sense of submission and helps bring on the "Dancing with the Fairies" high.

Mija: Submission is important, but not automatic. I can play without it, but then the play is much more about the physical sensation, maybe even the playfulness, of being spanked. I like the sense of submission, my physical and emotional submission, being valued, maybe even insisted on by person topping. Maybe because when I'm submissive I'm feeling vulnerable and so it would hurt me to have those submissive feelings not matter, not be valued. If they've insisted I submit then I feel like that submission has been seen and that it matters. 

KDPierre: Regardless of the reason, spanking is an inherent power imbalance that requires one party to submit to the other. In this exchange, pain is being given by one party to the other who accepts that pain for whatever motives move them. I'm not sure how any spanking can even happen without 'submission' taking place, even if that submission does not extend past the spanking itself. I have noticed that some people fairly bristle at the notion of submission being involved and therefore kind of redefine the term so that they can say it is not happening. But that's just the modern world we live in and that trend is not in any way limited to spanking and submission.

Perhaps if someone dictates precisely what they want, control it utterly and sort of use the spanker as almost a service employee, I suppose you could say they aren't submitting but just consenting to receive pain, but even then.....the spanker is still kind of in the dominant position.

Books and essays have been written about this topic, so I'm not sure if a post reply can do it justice.

A.J.: "Sense" of submission? Sure.
An actual full-time submissive in all things? No thanks.
      

Hermione: I am definitely a submissive, and Ron is a natural dominant, so we complement each other. I usually ask his permission to do things like going shopping or making major changes around the house. He does not normally say no, but prefers that I ask rather than just go ahead on my own. Spanking naturally requires submission on my part, even though I crave it.

 

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Sunday, July 13, 2025

Spanko Brunch 2.0 #599

 

Welcome back to another weekend spanko brunch. As you can see, this is brunch number 599, so next week will be a major milestone. I'd like it to be really special, so I'm throwing the floor open to suggestions. What topic would make next week's discussion memorable?

Now on to today's discussion.

What are your thoughts on submission? Is it an important part of your spanking relationship? Is it necessary to hand over control to the spanker in order for a spanking to work? Is asking for permission a part of your dynamic?

Leave your thoughts as a comment and once everyone has had a chance to speak, I will publish a summary of our discussion.

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Thursday, July 10, 2025

Mystery Solved

Two years ago I published this post about a mystery plant that was supposed to be the herb rosemary but certainly wasn't. The following spring I forgot where I put them misplaced the remaining seeds so they remained a mystery for another year. This spring I finally came across them, so I planted them along with my other spring crops and waited. Last week the first blossom opened, and guess what they are?


 

Cosmos! A lovely flower, and easy to grow. Ron had guessed that's what they were, because we had some growing in the garden that year. The bees and butterflies will love them, and there are enough seeds left for next year. So all's well that ends well.

Oh, and our potted rosemary is still thriving.

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Tuesday, July 8, 2025

These Deals Won't Last, Get Yours Today!

Some ads from the past that wouldn't work today. 





Yikes!

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart

Monday, July 7, 2025

Recap: Spanko Brunch 2.0 for July 6

Any exercise enthusiasts out there?

Wendel: We do walking and hiking for cardio. A little bit of weight training for strength when swing the paddle and of course, a lot of spanking. 

Roz: That's a great question but I'm afraid my answer is a boring one. No specific exercises to keep in shape for spanking. Exercise is by doing 😊

Prefectdt: I am  constantly trying to keep my "Dad" belly (even though I have never been a father) under control. So dieting is a frequent element of my life, as the smaller I can keep the gut bump, the more comfortable it is to spend extended periods of time bent over laps/desks/benches etc. I used to do a lot of walking to keep fit, but on doctors' advice, I switched to regular cycling at the weekends. If I am going long periods between real spankings, I self spank, not for fun but just to keep the pain tolerance levels up. Other than that, I moisturise my buttocks and upper thighs on a daily basis, even if no spanking has happened for a while.  

Rosco: Well, I try to keep in shape for cardiovascular health and flexibility in general - an ongoing challenge in both areas.

As for spanking, I’ve noticed whenever I’ve lost a few pounds the initial sting is a bit more profound.

Ronnie: We don’t do any specific exercises for spanking. We both like to keep as fit as possible and we do tend to walk a lot. 

Jack: Never crossed my mind or my wife/mommy. Interesting question. Off hand is there a need and what is the advantage?

S: In general, I try to do full body workouts, but I have to admit, I do like doing bicep curls right before giving someone a spanking.

Bonnie: My natural spanking shape is a pear, so there's not that much maintenance required. I do work out and walk when I can for general health. Randy builds his right arm strength by repetitively swinging flat wooden objects.

Hermione: By sitting and playing video games, I keep my tush nice and big as an available target. Ron does yard work to keep his arms in condition.     

Slava Ukraini
Glory to Ukraine

From Hermione's Heart